Writing A Descriptive Essay

Writing A Descriptive Essay In this part, we’ll get into the nitty-gritty of writing the essay and give you some tips for producing Band 6 responses in exam conditions. Your writer will investigate the topic to make sure not a single aspect of it is left out. We hand-pick the world’s best writers so that your essay is worthy of a top-performing student. If you do not cite sources properly then this may be regarded as plagiarism. Law Schools take this matter very seriously since plagiarism is considered to be cheating. It also helps in identifying the person’s ability to express thoughts in a crisp and clear manner. You may also wish to attend an on campus workshopto improve your essay writing skills. These workshops are recorded, and also available through Moodle. You may also wish to make an appointment to speak directly to an Academic Skills Office lecturer through the online bookingpage. The final statement needs to explain the connection of your argument to the module and what YOU have taken away from the study of the module. You have your ideas, your thesis, and your examples. In the last part of our Guide, we looked at how essays work and discussed the structure and planning of an essay. If you haven’t read it, you should go check that out first. All assessed work is checked electronically against sources on the internet including “subscription” based sites which promise to write your essays for you! Referencing is not troublesome when following the Oxford Standard Citation of Legal Authorities . This permits you to ensure that everything is cited properly and formatted correctly. OSCOLA is also very helpful with regards to preparing the bibliography. You must continually update the bibliography and not neglect it. The essay writing techniques you’ll learn in the essay program are not just about producing a piece of work that gets a good grade, they’re also about effective learning. The essay writing process is linked to learning; developing a sound essay writing technique enhances your learning. The following provides an audio-visual representation of the essay writing diagram. Ask your teacher, your parents, and those in your study group. An essay involves brainstorming on a given topic. Hence, it is an indicator of how a person thinks and also about the vocabulary that the person holds. An essay without a plan is bound to lead to low marks. The reason for this is to first understand what the essay question requires you to do. Breaking the question apart and planning your argument will lead to a more solid approach. The plan could take the form of a mind-map or bullet points in order to facilitate the thought process. Feedback is a great way to get a second opinion on your work and argument. Now that we’ve looked at the basics of how to write an essay, we need to consider the exam essay. It’s one thing to take your time crafting an essay over a couple of hours or days, but an entirely different experience to write one in under 40 minutes. It’s now time to see what that involves and how it differs from the process above. The thesis (1.) and thematic framework (2.) need only be reworded from the introduction, but your concluding statement (3.) needs to do something new. The essay in the latter case is assessed on comprehension, critical analysis, structure and presentation. The extent to which each of these components is attained will denote the mark boundary the essay will fall in. That is, you have something you want to communicate or argue for and here is your chance to explain it in detail, support it, and defend it. When planning the essay it is imperative to look at sources such as Acts of Parliament, Law Reports, journal articles and books. For an adequate analysis, in-depth reading is thus a prerequisite. The ability to write well is the cornerstone of one’s legal studies. A logical and well-supported essay is pivotal in order to attain good marks. Indubitably, the French méthodologie en deux parties is a stark contrast to what the English have in mind when writing a legal essay.

Approaches towards Sustainable Tourism - 275 Words

Approaches towards Sustainable Tourism (Essay Sample) Content: Tourism is an old phenomenon and so it has been part of people understanding for years. Tourism concerns experiences and this involves shopping, enjoying sports, and exploring habits. These experiences change with time and as a result, shaping the future of the tourism industryApproaches towards Sustainable TourismTourism is a major income earner and helps different nations achieve economic development. There are several approaches capable of improving the sector and increase the foreign exchange earned. Such approaches can effectively work for international and domestic tourism. It is sometimes necessary to examine the major strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities for any kind of approach towards improving tourism (Sofield 26). Four major actions to manage the sector include application of a development approach, development of both inbound and outbound tourism, and also improvement of tourism products. This paper will give the SWOT analyses for the four men tioned approaches.The Development StrategyIt is necessary to implement a tourism development approach. This is one way through which the tourism industry can be improved for a given country. SWOT analysis can be applied when coming up with a development approach. Some of the strengths include a background in tourism activities, already planned action capable of delivering the social and economic benefits, a good international reputation, presence of wildlife and first-class natural sceneries and resources, good transport system, good climate, weather, enough finances to support the approach, competent pioneers of the new change and well experienced tour guides (Sofield 23). However, there are some weaknesses that may be faced when developing the approach. Some climatic changes might interfere with the approach, some parts of the roads have been damaged, and some areas have poor access and inadequate natural sceneries. There has been poor reputation of the country's economy and touri sm sector, and also increased costs towards bringing the change. It is necessary to address these weaknesses to make the approach possible towards improving the industry.The opportunities and threats exist within the external environment of the industry. Some of the opportunities include the desire for tourists to come into the country, new technological advancements to improve operations, reduced costs of transportation and regulations, and also the continued globalization which has continued to encourage international movements. However, there are several threats which affect the above the approach (Sofield 33). For example, there are several new regulations to be considered, issue of terrorism, emergence of better tourism destinations and poor advertisement strategies. Increased competition in the industry also affects the industry's responsiveness over the last few years.Development of Inbound TourismInbound tourism refers to improvement of the tourism activities for the people visiting a given destination. This will help increase the number of tourists visiting more areas within a given country or community and improves appreciation. Inbound tourism therefore involves very many activities which have to be done simultaneously and also working with partners. Towards improving inbound tourism, there is the need of working with partners to promote brands and also make the destinations beautiful (Sofield 42). A consistent communication network is expected and all people have to be informed while at the same time having all products ready for the tourists. The major strengths include global recognition, tourist attraction sites, proper road network, security, proper technological use, promotional services, quality services and products offered, and good international relations. The weaknesses faced include some problems with infrastructure, poor international recognition, lack of enough wildlife, poor transportation in winter and also the current economic crisi s which has affected the projects aimed at promoting tourism.Some of the major opportunities include international advertisement, globalization, and improvement of technology and availability of visa cards. More people have also been visiting the country for specific researches and hence playing the role of tourists. Good international relationships have therefore been playing a major role towards inbound tourism development in the country. Lesser international regulations have continued to promote inbound tourism. Some of the possible threats faced include increased competition from other tourist destinations, emergence of substitute tourism products, increased movement barriers, terrorism threats and economic downturn. It would be necessary to address these barriers and threats towards improving inbound tourism in the country (Sofield 56).Development of Outbound TourismOutbound tourism is the process when tourists coming from a given country visit other different places occurring outside their own country. For instance, a person living in England and goes to United States as a tourist. Outbound tourism is very common and helps improve income and foreign exchange hence helping promote economic growth. A country will be required to conduct a SWOT Analysis if it has to promote outbound tourism. This is important because the ideas obtained from other destinations can effectively be used to improve or promote inbound tourism. Some of the strengths capable of improving outbound tourism are good international relations, good reputation, reduced costs for international travels, favorable transportation systems and increased global security encouraged by modern technologies. These strengths are significant towards promoting outbound tourism (Sofield 73). Some of the weaknesses affecting outbound tourism are lack of international tourism protection, bad reputation abroad, increased transportation costs and lack of information concerning tourism attractions. Some relig ious and ideological differences have been hindering the development of outbound tourism. It is therefore necessary to review such weaknesses if the tourism goals are to be realized.Some of the major opportunities towards international outbound tourism are new technologies and continued improvement of international accommodation facilities. Several travel bans have been lifted internationally as well as improved security. ...

The Catcher In the Rye Genuine or Phony Essay - 871 Words

J.D. Salinger published Catcher in The Rye in 1951. The main protagonist in the novel, Holden Caulfield experiences many conflicts and predicaments. It is common for Holden to hold opinions on characters throughout the book. His opinionated nature shows that human interactions mean a lot to him. Holden generally likes genuine people opposed to phony people. The comparison of genuine and phony is shown throughout the novel, especially when Holden meets new people. His true personality is shown to the reader when we see whom he respects and despises. Holden’s relationship with his own dorm room members while at Pencey Prep shows how Holden recognizes people who are genuine, while ignores or de -legitimizes people he feels†¦show more content†¦Within the 3rd chapter of Catcher in the Rye, we are introduced to Ossenburger who is a wealthy undertaker. He gave a long speech about his Christian ideals and how religion overwhelms him. â€Å"He said he talked to Jesus all the time. Even when he was driving his car. That killed me. I can just see the big phony bastard shifting into first gear and asking Jesus to send him a few more stiffs† (Salinger 16). Holden sees believing in a God all right, but the fact that it is flaunted and raved by someone who enjoys stocking up money is very hypocritical. Ossenburger discussed with Pencey Prep about how â€Å"you should talk to Jesus all the time† and â€Å"we should think of him as our buddy† (Salinger 16). Holden’s experiences in life have led him to believe divine intervention in our lives really is non-existent. His brother Allie died young and he is narrating his various adventures from a mental institution. He has no connection to the Mr. Ossenburger’s claims of the power of religion. Perceptually, he believes every claim Ossenburger says is false or phony. Ossenburger presents himself as a devout Christian by day, however by night he is embezzling himself in an undertaki ng business that is supposed to be something sacred. Someone genuine in his opinion would say that Christianity could be good, but that life can still be bad despite being a Christian. Throughout the novel Holden supports children’s endeavors because he cites their â€Å"innocence†. Holden has threeShow MoreRelated 1950s Culture Exposed in The Catcher in the Rye Essay1361 Words   |  6 Pages1950s Culture Exposed in The Catcher in the Rye    J.D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye is a remarkable book that gives readers a unique and perhaps gloomy perspective of the 1950s through Holden Caulfield, a cynical and peculiar teenager. Through The Catcher in the Rye Salinger describes important aspects of the 1950s. Salinger emphasizes several key characteristics of the 50s and criticizes them through Holden. In addition, Holden Caulfield is a very interesting character withRead MoreTheme Of Innocence In Catcher In The Rye1046 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"I’d just be a catcher in the rye and all. I know it’s crazy, but it’s the only thing I’d really like to be.†( Salinger 191)) In The Catcher in the Rye, a harrowed teenager named Holden Caulfield can’t accept the fact that everyone has to grow up. He believes that every adult in some way is corrupted in a sense. He also believes that children are the only genuine thing in the world due to their innocence and their purity. Salin ger employs adult situations in Holden’s journey to emphasize that lossRead More Catcher in the Rye Essay1244 Words   |  5 PagesCatcher in the Rye Catcher in the Rye: A Coming of Age Tale This novel explores many themes that are commonly felt by teenagers. Salinger’s novel discusses Holden’s stand against phoniness. Another major theme running through the novel is self-loathing, and while it may not be quite that extreme in all cases, most teenagers go through the â€Å"awkward† stage. Loneliness is also expressed in the novel. Every teenager goes through a time were they feel like they’re alienatedRead MoreCatcher in the Rye776 Words   |  4 PagesResearch pap. Catcher in the Rye is a book of many themes of many different types of different things. The main character of the book is Holden Caulfield, this guy has major problems. He’s alone and he knows it, he hates everyone and judges them too. Some themes of this story are the sadness, the lies and deceit, and Holden’s youth. Every one of these themes describe Holden in different ways, mostly it describes what he’s like. SADNESS Sadness permeates The Catcher in the Rye. Main characterRead MoreTheme Of Innocence In Catcher In The Rye1185 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Catcher in the Rye, a harrowed teenager named Holden Caulfield can’t accept the fact that everyone has to grow up. He gets kicked out of his old school and sets of on a wandering adventure throughout a bunch of cities including New York and Agerstown, Pennsylvania. As we get to know Holden, we find out that he believes that every adult in some way is corrupted in a sense. He also believes that children are the only genuine thing in the world due to their innocence and their purity. SalingerRead MoreAmerican Literature And Ways They Cultivate Their Own Methods Of Survival Within Their Societies1484 Words   |  6 Pageschildhood and adulthood, the lonely adolescent navigates through a loss of innocence and disenchantment to come to terms with his own male identity, as well as establish his role in society and find purpose as an adult. J.D. Salinger’s novel The Catcher in the Rye follows anti-hero Holden Caulfield through a seemingly innocuous trip in New York City. Throughout his journey, Holden tries desperately to interact with others but often finds himself alienated; in this way, Salinger portrays him more as anRead More Catcher in the Rye Essay: Themes of Society and Growing Up1366 Words   |  6 PagesThemes of Society and Growing Up in The Catcher in the Rye      Ã‚   In reading J.D. Salingers novel, The Catcher in the Rye, one is compelled to have a very strong reaction to the contents of the book.   Whether that reaction is negative or positive, it is unquestionable that the reader will give the novel a second thought after reading it.   There could be many reasons why this novel has such an impact on the readers.   It may be the use of Salingers catchy slang phrases, bitingly sarcastic andRead MoreSalinger s The Gifts Of Imperfection1142 Words   |  5 Pagesauthenticity, or â€Å"true self†. In J.D. Salinger’s fiction novel Catcher in the Rye, Salinger illustrates the double-edged effects of Holden’s beliefs on authenticity by his usage of the word, â€Å"phony†. The novel is narrated by a young adolescent named Holden Caulfield who becomes guilty of expulsion from school and embarks on a journey through New York City. There, he meets many unique people, a majority to which he assumes as phonies, im mediately questioning their authenticity. His character developmentRead MoreA Book Review on The Catcher in the Rye Essay787 Words   |  4 PagesA Book Review on The Catcher in the Rye This book is about a few days in the life of Holden Caulfield, At the beginning of the book Holden is expelled from his private school, Pency. This is just one of many schools he has been expelled from. Holden decides that, as the school term is about to break up, he would go to New York City for a few days until he is expected home. So off he sets one night wearing his hunting hat that Holden loves because it represents independenceRead MoreCatcher in the Rye Holdens Faliure in the Journey of Life1597 Words   |  7 PagesThe Catcher in the Rye, by Jerome David Salinger, reveals the hardships that teenagers endure as they mature and enter adulthood. In this novel, Holden Caulfield, a sixteen-year -old who has been kicked out of several schools, undergoes a gamut of problems. First, at the beginning of the novel, it is clear that Holden has a difficulty accepting himself and others; he constantly defines people as phony. Secondly, as the novel progresses it becomes evident that Holden does not want to enter adulthood

War Is Gruesome, Violent, And Pure Death - 1609 Words

Throughout the history of the world, war has been prevalent. Sometimes necessary, sometimes not, war ruins countries, governments, communities, and families. War used to make heroes, legends of the battlefield; romanticized through time. Stories of knights and great battles of the past have a tendency to be portrayed as honorable, courageous duals. Ever since the Civil War in the mid-1800s, the view on war and the men and women who fought in them have been receiving a more realistic point of view. There are still heroes and great battles but they are far less romanticized. The story has begun to change for the men and women involved in wars. The nature of war is gruesome, violent, and pure death. The things people see in a war zone takes†¦show more content†¦Men make up a very large portion of military personnel, and even more so of combat positions. Colonel Angela Pereira of the U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, completed extensive research on P TSD between combat and non-combat occupational specialties, as well as between men and women: Men scored higher than women on all five of the instruments used to measure the predictor variables: level of combat-related exposure to stress; level of PTSD symptomatology; level of general, cumulative life stressors; and level of current symptomatic distress. There were significant differences in scores between men and women on all but one of the scales (Table I). There were no statistically significant differences in the scores of the SLES-S (cumulative lifetime stressors). Men of the military are generally in more combat situations than women and are more likely get PTSD from being attacked. These attacks can lead to heavy fire-fights and forcing military personnel to eliminate the threat. Killing another human being is generally considered un-natural, immoral, and illegal. Yet when fighting in a war, it can be justified and moral but this doesn’t make killing anymore natural. Killing someone is difficult to deal with psychologically for a person who doesn’t want to kill. During these same attacks, a fellow service member, sometimes even considered a friend, might be killed. Losing a friend can

How Has Performing Arts Affected Our Lives Essay Example For Students

How Has Performing Arts Affected Our Lives Essay Patience is one of the things that strongly believe that we artists need, so that we Veil be able to teach others and encourage our fellow musicians to strive hard though they might have started off slow. Based on my experience, I started off being the slowest and the last few to be promoted into the main band. After having excelled and worked hard to become a section leader to conduct my members, whenever I encounter new junior members Who were slower, patience does not just help me but help my fellow juniors boost their confidence also as a musician. Discipline is a form Of focus, and tolerance as a musicians we need the spieling to excel in our composition and pieces that we played so that we are able to produce quality and pr ©cited work. I also strongly feel that discipline is something which is required in all our daily lives, without discipline the outcome of our results would show how inconsistent and unprofessional at what we do. In my secondary school days given the role as a drum major was required to discipline a band of 70 members. With the lack tot discipline, everything would be disorganized. Therefore, there is a need of correction in the way they think and learn to follow instructions that are given to them and understand why all Hess rules are being implemented. Thus, it also ties in with commitment and accountability in the process of taking ownership in their work. Widening our perspectives allows a change of view in all situations and analyzes it before reacting towards it. Personally, performing arts changed my views in terms of the music genres and range of instruments that i worked around with it thus, applied to all our lives as well. Appreciations, towards the different form of art or music that is created by other artists and with respect The importance of appreciations alls down not only to the different varieties we have in the performing arts but also leading LIST to treasure and cherish our lives as well. Tryingly feel that living in Singapore is a great blessing and it is a privilege as everything is just placed right in front Of you, but we usually tend to take things for granted and not knowing how did all these things even came about it the first place. As an artist, Performer and musician, we should always be thankful and show our gratitude to our mentors, leaders and lecturers that has impacted us in different areas of our journey with them. It is because these are people who gave us a once in a life time experience that no one gets to e xperience and encounter with. Emotions, arouses us artistically and musically that is able to move us externally but internally as well. What makes emotion so affective and powerful is how you are able to channel your feelings through an instrument allowing the audience to be able to experience a whole new atmosphere, allowing your music to tell a story. In my experience personal emotions should always be put aside during rehearsals and during activities as it Will indirectly affect the atmosphere and our fellow peers around you. In conclusion, all the life values that have named has in fact greatly impacted me, performing arts has indeed made my life a greater journey and led me to where am today. Without the encounter and exposure to performing arts, life would have been living in a box and missing out on the world. Performing arts is a form of connection to the world that inters links everyone together and widens the form of communication, the affects to leading me into a whole new perception, Therefore Performing arts made a difference in my life.

Social Stratification and Politics Essay Example

Social Stratification and Politics Essay Name: Instructor: Course: Date: We will write a custom essay sample on Social Stratification and Politics specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Social Stratification and Politics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Social Stratification and Politics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Social Stratification and Politics Introduction Social stratification is a concept that encompasses classifying members of the society into various groups based on common socio-economic status (Owen 3). This sociological concept involves relational sets of inequalities that have political, social, ideological and economical origins. Social stratification is a system that divides society into various hierarchies. This system is based on the principles that view social stratification as a generational inheritance, societal trait and societal belief. Social stratification is also considered not only a universal principle but also a variable principle. There are various system s used in social stratification. These systems are caste, class, slavery and estate systems. The estate system was predominant during the medieval time and consisted of the clergy, serfs and nobility. The slavery system was based on the ownership of individual s by others. The caste system encompassed ascribed status. This was popular in India. The hierarchies were scholars and priests, warriors and nobility, skilled artisans and merchants and finally there were the unskilled labor. The class system is a stratification based on occupational and economic roles. Different theories define different hierarchies in the class system. The concept of social stratification is synonymous to inequality as it segregates members of the society allowing others an easy access to resources. The implication of this is that societal stratification affects the political structures of society. Politics refers to the activities that surround the authoritative distribution of an entity’s resource (Tansey 4). National politics refers to exercising authority over the distribution of a country’s resources. Politics in its self is a study that involves an analysis of the factors that affects an individual’s ability to possess society’s resources and to have control over the ability of others to gain the same resources. It is a power concept. Social stratification is the basis for defining relational power. This is because the actions of man are dictated by their economic and social positions in society. Therefore, social stratification remains to be an important aspect that influences distribution of political power among members of a society. Theories Relating Politics to Social Stratification Theorists who talk about the relationship between social stratification and power are Karl Marx and Max Weber. Both Karl Marx and Max Weber approach the concept of social stratification using the class system. Karl Marx defines class based on the ownership of means of production. The stratification gives rise to class struggle. The basis of the class struggle is the political inequality that exists in society. Weber on the other hand, talks about class from the perspective of economic, political and social status. Karl Marx on Social Stratification Introduction Marx analyses the history of class struggle in his theory of social stratification (Owen 18). In his analysis, he looked at those who own the means of production. He also talks about those who participate in the production process and the relationship between labor and work. Karl Marx also looks at the members of society who not only produce but also control the surplus produce. Control of the society’s resources is what gives rise to political segregation and struggle. The ownership of property allowed particular members of the society to control the distribution of these resources. According to Marx’s theory, political power is allocated based on basis of one’s ranking on the social hierarchy. Theory Karl Marx’s analysis is of a capitalist society and the main classes are the proletariat and bourgeoisie. Other subclasses like the peasants, proletariats, property owners and petty bourgeoisie but they do not have a major impact on the theory. The bourgeoisies are the capitalist who own the means of production. The means of production are land and labor. They possess not only capital, but also power to exploit purchased labor. The surplus value obtained from the produce of the purchased labor is used by the bourgeoisies to expand their capital. The class of bourgeoisie is defined by the ownership of means of production and the use of this capital to exploit members of society and to expand their scope of possession. According to Marx, wealth is not sufficient to get one to the bourgeoisie class. This wealth has to be used to sustain status quo through the continuous manipulation of labor and the expansion of their capital. This has to be a continuous process that has to be sustained by the use of surplus value. In the contemporary society, the bourgeoisies represent the members who possess political power. This power is gained through their social status. Marx brings an economic basis for the stratification of the society. This implies that the political structures are controlled and maintained by the wealthy. They use their wealth to manipulate the structures of society like the judicial system, the electoral process and even the legislative process. This control is used to maintain the status quo and to ensure that the cycle of wealth accumulation is continuous. An implication made by Karl Marx is that members of various states have been socialized to believe that social status is a basis for distribution of political power. Marx takes a deeper analysis of the process of accumulation of wealth among the bourgeoisie. He talks about the historical fight against the feudal system that existed in medieval Europe. The proletariat comprised of mostly merchants, industrialists, craft men, traders and manufactures. They fought against the feudal authorities to gain the liberty to expand their businesses through marketing of their products. This struggle marked the formation of the class. Old feudal and hierarchical systems were undermined and while new structures and orders were put into place. The economical prowess among the bourgeoisies was later sustained through the purchase and manipulation of labor. This was the case in Britain during the nineteenth century when the bourgeoisie maintained ideological and political predominance. The British hired labor that created surplus value maintaining the wealth of their wealth. According to Karl Marx, the other class is that of the proletariat. It comprises the members of the society who own labor power. They dearth of property forces them to depend on the bourgeoisie for survival. This creates an exploitative relationship where the proletariat is hired by a capitalist bourgeoisie. There is a constant recreation and reproduction of this exploitative relationship. The proletariat works for extra hours with low wages. This is done to ensure that the bourgeoisie gets profits. The results are an increase in poverty and wealth for the proletariat and the bourgeoisie respectively. The proletariat’s output during the extra hour is sold. The process prevents the proletariat from gaining wealth and subsequently maintains society’s status quo (Owen 19). According to Marx, he predicted that various political events would occur in the capitalist society. In order to maintain their social status, the bourgeoisie would enact laws that are more repressive. With the increase of oppression, class-consciousness would increase among the proletariats and a subsequent labor movement would be formed. The end of the capitalist era would be marked by a revolution instigated by the movement among the proletariats. This would usher in a communist society. Conclusion A contradictory and antagonistic relationship exists between the proletariat and bourgeoisie. This is because the former is struggling to increase their wages and alleviate their social status while the latter is doing the opposite. The bourgeoisie manipulate labor and work to ensure that the proletariat remains without property. This represents the struggle that is seen in the contemporary society. The struggle is that for power in society. This is because power is the exercise of authority over the various structures in society. This shows that Karl Marx’s theory on social class shows the relationship between social stratification and politics. Max Weber on the Theory of Social Class Introduction Max Weber discusses the concept of social stratification with a view on social classes (Owen 20). He argues that social class is the most influential cause of conflict in the society. He stipulates that the different dimensions of social structure are class, status and honor. He establishes a relationship between the ideological and material aspects of society through status and class. He attributes social action to the both status and class. He argues that the concept of class comprises power, prestige and wealth. Wealth is a representation of the economic structures of the society while prestige is symbolic for the social aspect and power is the representation of political structures of the society. Theory Max Weber describes power as the ability to exercise authority over various resources in society (Owen 20). He argues that it is the ability of individuals to see the realization of their desire even against the will of other members of the society. Societal power encompasses political, economic and social powers. Weber also analyses the concept of domination, which he says is the possession of authority in a particular sphere. Domination can occur because of tradition, rational-legal reasons and charisma. Class, according to Weber, is a component of an individual’s life chances. The life chance results to wealth and economic interests. This wealth is represented in the aspects of market commodity and labor. Possession of property and advantage in the market place increase one’s living standards. Weber argues that those who own property are able to control the methods of wealth creation. This is because of their control over the market. Among the wealth owners, there exists a subdivision based on the means used to create wealth. Among those who do not own property, there exists further stratification based on the services that they provide to the market. There are skilled, unskilled and semi-skilled workers. The grouping is based on the value of one’s labor and the different values produce different standards of living. In his theory, Weber argues societal action will only occur when there is a consciousness on the influence of economic power and the distribution of property on stratification. While discussing the concept of status, Weber defines it as the probability of an individual’s life chances being influenced by prestige and social honor. Prestige is influenced by wealth and social restrictions. These restrictions are like residence and the patterns that are followed during marriage. High status groups enjoy distinct lifestyles and definite patterns of consumption and association. On the other hand, those occupying the low status in the society, have their sense of worth pegged on futuristic hope. Both class and status have an influence on the political aspect of society. Status and class interests define political power. This implies that the interests of a particular influential class are well reflected on the political structures. According to Weber, parties are the definite structures of political power. The main aim of parties is to obtain dominance in the various spheres of influence. Parties are organized based on the interests of various social classes. The influence that the different classes have in the market is well translated to the political sphere. Charismatic dominance occurs among the classes that are exposed to concepts of leadership and governance. This might me among the elite of the society who hail from a family background of leaders. Conclusion Max Weber’s argument is that class and status influences the dominance of an individual in the various spheres of society. This dominance affects the activities of parties in the political avenue. Those in the higher classes at times experience dominance based on the legitimacy that is pegged on traditional authority. Members of prestigious classes dominate over those of the lower classes based on the belief that they have better life chances in the economic, political and social spheres of life. Blackman’s Struggle for Social Equity American treatises published from as early as 1854 spoke of the racial segregation that existed. Conservatives such as Henry Hughes and George Fitzhugh justified the slave system in America (American Sociological Association, 265). Hughes argues that the essentials of slavery should remain unchanged because the practice is civilly and morally right. Fitzhugh expressed his concern in relation to the suggested liberty in America. This liberty was in regards to accommodating the African America community. Fitzhugh felt that this liberty had failed. He opposed democracy and justified the slavery among the black American community. He opposed a free society where every man acted for himself and he attributed the growth of poverty and crime in Europe to concepts like freedom, liberty and equality. He argued that morality could only be maintained in a society that upheld slavery along side Christianity. Fitzhugh and Hughes were proponents of the philosophical justification of slavery. The s ocial atmosphere among the African American community was echoed in other parts of the globe like in South Africa. The fight against apartheid was the black man’s plea for equity in all aspects of the society. Slavery was the basis for the African American struggle for equity. Slavery among the African community is vividly remembered because of its brutality and inhumanity. Although white slaves were used earlier than 1942 in the Mayan Temple, Egyptian pyramids and the Mongolian fighting machine, a lasting legacy of oppression was left by the enslavement of Africans. African slaves were not treated as humans but commodities. They were abused and sold for the main reason of accumulating profits. The abolition of slavery in various countries did not mark the end of the oppression. This is because current economic, social and political structures remind the society of the enslavement of the African community (Vorenberg 154). The end of the American civil war in 1865 was to mark the end of slavery in America. Slaves were freed after Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation. However, the white American still oppressed the African Americans. Attempts towards granting the African community equality were encouraged by amendments in America’s constitution. These were the Thirteenth to Fifteenth Amendments. The Thirteenth Amendment of 1965 illegalized slavery. This particular amendment passed Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation into law. The congress was granted the liberty to enact laws that abolished slavery. The implication of this law was that slave owners were to incur greater costs in order to have work done. Other slave owners wanted compensation for seceding slaves. In the northern states, the citizens feared that the released slaves would take their jobs. The African Americans were denied good jobs and they were restrained from accessing proper education (Vorenberg 160). After the Thirteenth Amendment, the Andrew Johnson succeeded Abraham Johnson as the American president. He enacted retrogressive laws that segregated the African American community. He stipulated that members of the white race were the only ones who could participate in the legislation of the Southern Constitutions. However, in 1866, the congress tabled a bill that acknowledged African Americans as American citizens. Johnson’s efforts to stop the bill were futile when it was finally passed by the congress. The bill acknowledged the incoherent rights of African Americans, regardless of their race. The bill stipulated that the federal government was to intervene in the event that a state would not comply with this law. The Fourteenth Amendment was enacted in 1868. This amendment stipulated that the freed slaves had to be given their rights. This amendment safeguarded the rights of the American citizens. Such rights were like those of a right to education, the ability to sue othe rs and the right to make political decisions and vote. The citizens in the south still undermined the African Americans and the white population still had more rights. The years 1867 and 1868 saw the congress pass the Reconstruction Act. This act stipulated that the African American community were granted the liberty to participate in political decisions that were involved in creating the Southern State Constitutions. The act distributed political power among the black and white community. The government gave all races in America the liberty to make political decisions. In the South, civil education was carried out among the Africa Americans. However, by 1867 many African American men could not vote because of the threat they received from the white citizens. Women were allowed to participate in other political activities apart from voting. In 1870, the Fifteenth Amendment was introduced in the American Constitution. This was an emphasis on the African American’s right to vote. The law stipulated that the government did not have the ability to refrain any citizen from voting regardless of their color or background as slaves. Black men were given the right to vote. The departure of the Union Soldiers who protected the rights of the black prompted the enactment of laws that made it difficult for black men to vote. The laws were referred to as Black codes. They were oppressive to the black population as some of them demanded that they sign labor contracts to work for full years. Other codes required the unemployed African Americans to be incarcerated and their children be taken up to work as slaves. The employers of the black community were also allowed to whip their workers. The codes required the African Americans to take and pass voting tests before they were allowed to vote. The white population easily passed th ese tests because unlike the black community, they knew how to read and were well educated. The African Americans were threatened by the Ku Klux Klan, a white men’s group that oppressed the black community. Apart from this, they also attacked members of the white community who accommodated the blacks. They carried out cruel punishments to these individuals. Such punishments were like hanging them, torching their homes and beating them. Despite of the enactment of these laws, the rights of the African American community were infringed. They were treated as animals and there was great inequality in the society (Vorenberg 172). Obama and the Politics of Race The year 2008 will remain recorded in American history. This is because, for the first time, a black president had been elected to lead America. Many had never expected the day to arrive because of the racial prejudices that are embedded in the American society. President Obama’s rise to power was met by large opposition that was driven by racial perspectives. Such racial aspects are the evidence of contemporary forms of slavery and discrimination among the African American society. During his 2008 political campaign, president Obama faced opposition from citizens who believed that a black man could not lead the country (Teasley Ikard 10). Racial prejudices prevented citizens from voting the America’s current president. The president’s healthcare reforms were also rejected by some based on racial discrimination. According to a study, more citizens would support a bill by the former president, Bill Clinton. Implicit racial prejudices affect the voting patterns in America. The simple identification of Obama as a ‘black’ candidate during the 2008 campaigns was a sign of social inequalities. This awakens the era of slavery in America. The roots of president Obama trace him to a black father and a white mother; this implies that he is biracial. He is as black as he is white. However, the categorical rejection of him being white due to mixing of the black and white race shows racism in America. Conclusion Politics and social stratification are correlated concepts. This is because the former deals with power struggle in the society while the latter is what determines who is allocated power in this struggle. Power struggle can be ascertained through an analysis of social stratification. This is because man’s actions are influenced by his economic and social position. Interest groups and political organizations are the avenues where interests of similar social groups are promoted. Various philosophers discuss the concept of social stratification in relation to power struggle. Politics becomes a major area of focus in these philosophical studies because it is believed to be teleological in nature. Man is in a constant struggle for power and his social position can act as advantage when it comes to gaining and sustaining this power. Therefore, social stratification will always be viewed in light of its effect on politics. Work Cited American Sociological Review. Washington, D.C: American Sociological Association, 1936. Internet resource. Owen, Carol. Social Stratification. London: Routledge K. Paul, 1968. Print. Tansey, Stephen D. Politics, the Basics. London: Routledge, 2002. Internet resource. Teasley, Martell, and David Ikard. â€Å"Barack Obama and the Politics of Race.† Journal of Black Studies. 40.3 (2010): 411 – 425. Print. Vorenberg, Michael. Final Freedom: The Civil War, the Abolition of Slavery, and the Thirteenth Amendment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Print.

Do you think Atticus is a Convincing Character or is he just a way for Harper Lee to convey her ideas Essay Example

Do you think Atticus is a Convincing Character or is he just a way for Harper Lee to convey her ideas Essay Example Do you think Atticus is a Convincing Character or is he just a way for Harper Lee to convey her ideas Essay Do you think Atticus is a Convincing Character or is he just a way for Harper Lee to convey her ideas Essay Essay Topic: Literature In this essay I am going to address the way in which Atticus Finch is portrayed as a character, but also as a symbol for humanity and a way for the authors possibly radical ideas to be conveyed in Harper Lees novel To kill a Mockingbird. Atticus is one of the main characters in the play and novel and is also the strongest and most complex figure to study. As a father, lawyer and member of the community, Atticus plays many roles, all very similar, yet all different. As a father Atticus is truthful, fair and never patronises his children, Jean Louise (Scout) and Jem. He acts as both a father and a teacher to them, educating them in the social and moral expectations and etiquettes of their society. He treats them with respect and wants them to understand why things happen in the community, what is wrong with society and how to try and change them and improve themselves at the same time. Atticus didnt believe in spoiling his children or shouting at them and believed in respect between himself and his children. Honesty and self respect were very important to Atticus and in order to be able to tell his children what to do or to enable him to order them about, he firstly had to prove to himself that he was doing the right thing, and that he could hold his head up high in the community, for example in taking the case of Tom Robinson: The main reason not do something again Atticus needed to be able to live with other people, and gain their respect by doing what he knew was right before he could live with himself and take control of other peoples lives, especially his childrens. He needed them to see what the difference was between the fine line of right and wrong and show that he carried through his own teachings. Atticus needed to show the children what he called Real courage and in taking Tom Robinsons case he knew it was the right thing to do, to stand up for something he believed in even though he knew he would lose the case before he started. However, the important thing to Atticus was to give it his best shot and to give his very best to try to help some one worse off than himself, especially as Tom was a black man, showing that he was a man of principles and someone who wasnt hypocritical about his beliefs. In the early stages of the play, Scout and Jem are doubtful of their fathers abilities, as he is different to other fathers in Maycomb, the small, southern American town where To Kill a Mockingbird was set: Because he doesnt do anything nd he reads They thought that Atticus was boring; he wasnt what they considered to be a stereotypical man. He didnt do any kind of manual labour, and instead worked in an office. He said he was too old to play football with the rest of the fathers and therefore the children underestimated his abilities. However, when they found out he was an excellent shooter, after the killing of the mad dog and found out his childhood nickname: When he was a boy his nickname was Ol One-Shot Scout and Jem gained a new respect for Atticus, and this grew later in the play as they discovered where Atticus real talents lay in the courtroom. This realisation helped them to understand the points Atticus was trying to teach them those of equality, and not to judge a man by the colour of his skin. He tried to make Scout and Jem understand things from other peoples points of view and try to see why this is important: You never really know a person until you climb into his skin and walk around in it. This basically says: dont judge a book by its cover; dont kill a mockingbird, something which has done no harm, for this, as well as being part of the title is the underlying theme of the play and the role of the mockingbird is portrayed through the characters of Tom Robinson and Boo Radely. The role Atticus plays as a father is in a way an idealistic role. He is never too harsh and never overly kind, he gives respect and is respected, in fact, he seems in every way the ideal parent . The reader is shown in every aspect of family life what a good father he is and perhaps his only fault as a character is that he has no large flaws, no vices or bad habits, and this, in a way, begins to make you wonder if Atticus is really a believable character. After all, is anyone really perfect? As a lawyer, Atticus once again comes across as the ideal character; clear, fair and eloquent- the best man at his job. The whole fact that he took Tom Robinsons case and listened to his conscience, when he knew he would lose, howed what sort of character Harper Lee wanted Atticus to be. He knew that the justice system at that time was prejudiced and immoral and that it was certain that Tom Robinson would be found guilty. We were licked before we started This shows the reader that deep down Atticus was aware that the case was hopeless, but he acted on his principals and took it anyway. In this role it also came across how clever Finch was. He used subtle but clear points to tear the oppo sition to shreds yet always remained calm, cool and polite; the perfect southern gentleman. This part of his character is at least I think partly believable. Comparisons with this aspect of Atticus character- the lawyer- can be made with the real world or the present day. Although it is true that not many lawyers would take a case they knew they were going to lose, the play is written so cleverly that you think it could happen. The play makes you feel good knowing that someone would take so great a risk, knowing they would come out of it the worst for someone less well off than themselves. It makes you want to believe in the character of Atticus and want to think that there are people out there like him. The way Atticus is portrayed throughout the trial seems to demand respect, so his character immediately gains some dimension by relating to and involving the reader. In the trial, he completely turned the case around, proving just by asking simple questions that Mayella was lying and that Bob Ewell was an awful father. It was obvious by the end of the trial to everyone that Robinson was innocent and it was then that Harper Lee used the injustice of his imprisonment to put across her ideas about racial prejudice in the deep southern of the United States. So, not just Atticus but also the whole play is used as a way for the author to convey her ideas, as is true with any book. As a member of the community, Atticus had the complete respect of almost the whole town, from the upper class ladies such as Miss Maudie Atkinson down to what were considered to be the lowest of the low- the black people, who stood for him as he left the courtroom. Although he was not rich, Atticus was seen as one of the pillars of the community which in a way was unusual, as he had neither status or wealth yet was kind, generous, clever and polite, many of the qualities which the upper classes often forget about. The most important thing of all, however is that he was trusted by Maycomb: We trust him to do right. This is why the case of Tom Robinson was given to Atticus and not to another, less capable man. He knew to do what was right and that if he didnt do it, nobody else in the highly prejudiced town would: I simply would like you to know ne of them. Everyone saw him as someone they could turn to, and this was a fair judgement on their part. Atticus judged people on their own personal merit, regardless of their background or past. He was freethinking and respected people for what they were, regardless of the colour of their skin, once again showing he was the ideal character- the Hero of the play. Atticus understood that people were poor and that the depression had hit people hard, so he was generous and let people use other forms of payment such as crops to repay any work he did for them. He was portrayed as someone everyone wants to know and aspire to, fair, firm and modest. As a believable character, Atticus is not one hundred percent realistic. He is definitely an ideal character and therefore all the other characters are compared to him and he is also someone you want to believe in, yet somehow this is not quite possible. In a way, I think Atticus is not quite human enough to be believable, and the fact that his only flaws are that he is too nice and always sees the good in people confirm this. No one is perfect and the fact that Atticus has so little faults takes away some of his dimension and gravity. He is believable only as a character of fantasy and as a subtle way for Harper Lee to convey her ideas about racial prejudice and her views on America at that time in history. Throughout the play Atticus is the voice of truth and fairness, and is a very consistent character, keeping to his principals and values- he is the same at home as he is in front of the community, which although sounds like a wonderful thing to be, is highly unrealistic. He shows the reader everything that is wrong with society and how, if more people are like him in the future people and society might change. He is a series of ideas, beliefs and dreams, and is therefore used as a way to channel Lees new ideas into a believable format. Enveloping these radical ideas within a mild mannered, moderate, inoffensive character perhaps made them more acceptable to the people of the time.